Abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the factors associated with the search by Brazilian and Portuguese dentists for oral health information on social networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 597 Brazilian and Portuguese dentists answered an online questionnaire between January 17 and 31, 2021. Respondents were asked about sociodemographic data, weight and height, hours of sleep per night, screen time for work and leisure, and where they sought information about general and/or oral health for themselves and for their loved ones and information about COVID-19. Descriptive statistics and binary regression were used for the statistical analysis. Most participants were Brazilian (62.8%) and 451 (75.5%) were female. Mean age was 42.1 years (± 12.5 years). For every lost hour of sleep, the chances of participants frequently or always searching for information about self-perceived oral health problems on lay websites increased by 1.33 times. For every additional hour spent on social networks or on the Internet, the likelihood of participants frequently searching for self-perceived oral health problems on lay websites increased by 17% (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06–1.30). Individuals who searched the Internet for information about COVID-19 symptoms before consulting their doctors were 3.85 times more likely (95% CI: 2.22–6.67) to frequently or always search for information about self-perceived oral health problems on lay websites. Dentists used lay websites to search for general and oral health knowledge during the COVID-19 pandemic, and shorter sleep duration favored screen use.

Resumo Este estudo objetivou validar a versão brasileira da escala tátil RMS (B-RMS-TS) em crianças e adolescentes com deficiência visual. Dez crianças e adolescentes deficientes visuais entre 10 e 17 anos de idade de um Centro Educacional para Pessoas Deficientes Visuais responderam a Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) verbalizada, e a DAS em Braille para avaliar seus níveis de ansiedade odontológica. A validade de construto da B-RMS-TS foi avaliada pela validade convergente e discriminante. A validade convergente foi testada em duas maneiras: correlação de Pearson entre a B-RMS-TS e a questão geral de ansiedade; correlação de Pearson entre a B-RMS-TS e a DAS verbalizada e a DAS em Braille. A confiabilidade da B-RMS-TS foi mensurada pela consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach e ômega de McDonald).) e confiabilidade teste-reteste (CCI). A B-RMS-TS foi correlacionada moderadamente à questão geral de ansiedade (r=0,493;p=0,147). A B-RMS-TS mostrou correlação excelente com a DAS verbalizada (r=0,971;p<0,001) e com a DAS em Braille (r=0,934;p<0,011). A B-RMS-TS foi capaz de discriminar níveis de ansiedade odontológica entre meninos e meninas (p=0,008). A B-RMS-TS demonstrou confiabilidade excelente (alfa de Cronbach=0,661, ômega de McDonald=0,700 e CCI=0,987; 95%IC=0,817-0,999). A B-RMS-TS é válida e confiável para mensurar níveis de ansiedade odontológica em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros com deficiência visual.

Abstract This study aimed to validate the Brazilian version of the RMS Tactile Scale (B-RMS-TS) in children and adolescents with visual impairment. Ten visually impaired children and adolescents between 10 and 17 years old of an Educational Center for Visually Impaired People answered the verbalized Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), and the DAS in Braille to evaluate their dental anxiety levels. B-RMS-TS construct validity was assessed by convergent and discriminant validity. Convergent validity was tested in two ways: Pearson's correlation between the B-RMS-TS and the overall anxiety question; Pearson's correlation between B-RMS-TS and verbalized DAS and DAS in Braille. B-RMS-TS reliability was measured by internal consistency (Cronbach's alfa and McDonald's omega) and test-retest reliability (ICC). B-RMS-TS was moderately correlated to the overall anxiety question (r=0.493;p=0.147). B-RMS-TS showed excellent correlation with verbalized DAS (r=0.971;p<0.001) and DAS in Braille (r=0.934;p<0.011). B-RMS-TS was able to discriminate dental anxiety levels between male and female (p=0.008). The B-RMS-TS demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.661, McDonald's omega=0.700 and ICC=0.987; 95%CI=0.817-0.999). B-RMS-TS is valid and reliable to measure dental anxiety levels in Brazilian children and adolescents with visual impairment.

Abstract The aim of this study was to verify the oral habits, symptoms, and characteristics of some children aged 8 to 10 years that could be associated with possible sleep bruxism. A cross-sectional study was performed. Questionnaires were sent to parents to obtain information on sex, age, school shift, sleep quality, parents’ perception of children’s behavior, and children’s oral habits (nail biting, object biting, and lip biting), and symptoms such as headache or earache. In addition, parents reported the frequency of sleep bruxism (no day to 7 days a week). Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed and the level of significance was set at 5%. A total of 1,554 parents of children aged 8 to 10 years participated in this study. Possible sleep bruxism was reported as mild for 65.7%, moderate for 25.3%, and severe for 9% of the children. In the adjusted multinomial logistic regression, boys were 79% more likely to have sleep bruxism (OR: 1.79; 95%CI 1.23–2.60) and were 2.06 more times at risk of being in the habit of lip biting (OR: 2.06; 95%CI 1.26–3.37). Children with possible severe sleep bruxism were 61% more likely to develop object biting (OR: 1.61; 95%CI 1.09–2.39), 52% more likely to have headaches (OR: 1.52; 95%CI 1.01–2.28), and 3.29 more times at risk of poor sleep quality (OR: 3.29; 95%CI 2.25–4.82). Based on the report, boys with lip and object biting habits, headaches, and poor sleep quality presented a higher chance of possible severe sleep bruxism.

Abstract Recently, there has been greater interest in adopting a more holistic approach to healthcare. However, this trend should not limit itself merely to the notion that a human being lies behind the mouth being treated. Rather, it should embrace the understanding that this human can actively participate in and contribute to the treatment process. Patient Report Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Patient Report Experience Measures (PREMs) provide means for measuring data from the patient’s perspective, and enable health-related feelings and functions to be evaluated. Accordingly, this critical review aims to provide definitions, rationales and applications of patient-centered approaches in dental clinical research. Some patient-centered constructs are especially relevant to dental clinical trials, such as oral health-related quality of life, pain/discomfort, aesthetics and satisfaction concerning treatment and services. The selection and application of patient-reported measures can vary according to condition (generic, disease-specific or treatment-specific) and to the specific population evaluated (age and cognitive impairment). These measures can help weigh risks and benefits, as well as assess the cost effectiveness of treatments, thus influencing treatment recommendations and health policies. The incorporation of these measures into a professional’s daily life not only represents an improvement in professional performance, but also addresses a humanitarian concern.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the difference of socioeconomic factors among mothers of preterm and full-term infants. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was developed with 250 mothers of children aged three to five years. The sample was divided into two groups: 125 mothers of preterm infants from the referral center of a public hospital in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil and 125 mothers of children born full-term at a daycare center within the same city. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect socioeconomic data and type of breastfeeding. To verify if there was association between the dependent variable gestational age at birth and the independent variables, the chi-square test was used. A final model with multiple Poisson regression estimated prevalence ratio values for each independent variable was developed. Results: The final multiple regression model showed that mothers that have a low monthly income of up to USD 450.28 (PR = 1.979, 95% CI = 1.082-3.620), used drugs, cigarettes, or alcohol during their pregnancy (PR = 4.095, 95% CI = 2.422-6.921), and did not breastfeed (PR = 2.294, 95% CI = 1.205-4.369) were more likely to give birth to preterm infants. Conclusion: Low monthly family income, use of drugs, alcohol, or smoking during pregnancy and absence of breastfeeding were more frequent on mothers of preterm infants.

Resumo A imaturidade no nascimento para pretermos pode os predispor a dificuldades de sucção. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar se o uso de chupeta está associado ao nascimento prematuro e ao tipo de alimentação infantil. Este estudo transversal comparativo foi realizado em Belo Horizonte, Brasil e avaliou 250 crianças de 3 a 5 anos. A amostra foi composta por dois grupos: o grupo de crianças nascidas a termo (n = 125) que foi selecionado em uma creche e o grupo de crianças pré-termo (125) que foi contatado em um hospital universitário público vinculado a um projeto de cuidados pré-termo desde o nascimento até os sete anos de idade. Para coletar dados, um questionário pretextado sobre informações da idade gestacional, desenvolvimento infantil, alimentação infantil e hábitos de sucção não nutritiva foram utilizados para ambos os grupos. Análises bivariada e Regressão de Poisson multivariada foram utilizadas para a análise estatística. O uso de chupeta foi mais prevalente no grupo pré-termo (RP = 1,20, IC95% = 1,02-1,42), que usou a mamadeira (RP = 1,38; IC95% = 1,15-1,64) e foram amamentados ao seio por menos de seis meses (RP = 1,19, 95% IC = 1,01-1,41). A maioria das crianças amamentadas ao seio nasceram a termo (RP = 1,14, 95% IC = 1,04-1,20) e com renda familiar mensal maior que USD 450,28 (RP = 1,10, 95% IC = 1,01-1,20). Neste estudo, o uso de chupeta foi mais prevalente entre os prematuros e associado com a amamentação ao seio por menos de seis meses e uso de mamadeira. A renda familiar mensal associou-se a uma prevalência de prática da amamentação ao seio.

Abstract The immaturity of born to preterm infants may predispose to sucking difficulties. This research aimed to evaluate if pacifier use is associated with preterm birth and influenced in type of infant feeding. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Belo Horizonte, Brazil and evaluated 250 children aged 3 to 5 years. As a sample, two groups were established: the normal term children group (n=125) was selected at a day-care centre and the group of preterm children (125) was identified at a public university hospital with a preterm care project from birth to seven years of age. To collect data, a pre-tested questionnaire regarding information on gestational age, infant development, infant feeding and non-nutritive sucking habits was used for both groups. Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression was used for the statistical analysis. Pacifier use was more prevalent in the preterm group (PR=1.20, 95% CI=1.02-1.42) who used the bottle (PR=1.38, 95% CI=1.15-1.64) and were breastfed for less than six months (PR=1.19, 95% CI=1.01-1.41). The majority of breastfed infants were of normal term birth (PR=1.14, 95% CI=1.04-1.20) and had monthly family income greater than USD 450.28 (RP= 1.10, 95% CI=1.01-1.20). In this study, pacifier use was more prevalent among preterm infants and associated with less than six months of breastfeeding and used of bottle. Monthly family income was associated with a prevalence of breastfeeding.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate factors associated with sleep bruxism in five-year-old preschool children. A preschool-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 761 pairs of children and their parents/caregivers. Sleep bruxism was diagnosed using a questionnaire administered to the parents/caregivers, who also answered questionnaires addressing sociodemographic data and parent’s/caregiver’s sense of coherence. Clinical oral evaluations of the children to determine dental caries, traumatic dental injuries, malocclusion and tooth wear were performed by two researchers who had undergone a training exercise (interexaminer Kappa: 0.70 to 0.91; intraexaminer Kappa: 0.81 to 1.00). Descriptive analysis and logistic regression for complex samples were carried out (α = 5%). The prevalence of sleep bruxism among the preschool children was 26.9%. The multivariate analysis revealed that bruxism was associated with poor sleep quality (OR = 2.93; 95 CI: 1.52–5.65) and tooth wear (OR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.39–3.96). In the present study, sleep bruxism among preschool children was associated with tooth wear and poor sleep quality of the child. In contrast, psychosocial aspects (sense of coherence) were not associated with sleep bruxism.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre o bruxismo do sono, bruxismo diurno e qualidade do sono entre estudantes de odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Um estudo transversal foi desenvolvido com 183 estudantes de odontologia brasileiros com idade entre 17 e 46 anos. O curriculum completo do curso consiste de 9 semestres. Estudantes matriculados no primeiro semestre, no semestre do meio e no último semestre do curso participaram do estudo. O PSQI-BR (versão brasileira do Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index) foi utilizado para a coleta dos dados. O PSQI-BR foi distribuído em sala de aula. O diagnóstico de bruxismo do sono e bruxismo diurno foi baseado em auto-relato dos estudantes. Análise descritiva, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney e regressão de Poisson com estimativa robusta foram os testes estatísticos utilizados. A prevalência do bruxismo do sono foi de 21,5% e a prevalência do bruxismo diurno foi de 36,5%. O componente duração do sono apresentou associação com bruxismo do sono (PR=1,540; 95%IC: 1,00-2,37) e com bruxismo diurno (PR=1,344; 95%CI: 1,008-1,790). Houve associação entre bruxismo diurno e o componente eficiência habitual do sono (PR=1,323; 95%IC: 1,03-1,70). O componente distúrbio do sono e o bruxismo diurno também apresentaram associação (PR=1,533; 95%IC: 1,03-2,27). A má qualidade do sono foi um fator importante tanto entre os universitários que relataram bruxismo do sono quanto entre os que apresentaram bruxismo diurno

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of sleep bruxism, awake bruxism and sleep quality among dental students of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed including 183 Brazilian dental students aged from 17 to 46 years old. The complete course curriculum consists of 9 semesters. Students enrolled in the first semester, the middle semester and the final semester of the course participated in the survey. The PSQI-BR (the Brazilian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index) was used for data collection. The PSQI-BR was distributed during lecture classes. Sleep bruxism and awake bruxism diagnosis was based on self-reported data. Descriptive analysis, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Poisson regression with robust estimator were the statistical tests used. Sleep bruxism prevalence was 21.5% and awake bruxism prevalence was 36.5%. Sleep duration components were associated with sleep bruxism (PR=1.540; 95% CI: 1.00-2.37) and awake bruxism (PR=1.344; 95% CI: 1,008-1,790). There was an association between awake bruxism and habitual sleep efficiency component (PR=1.323; 95% CI: 1.03-1.70). Sleep disturbance component and awake bruxism were associated (PR=1.533; 95% CI: 1.03-2.27). Poor sleep quality was an important factor among dental students, who reported sleep bruxism as well as among those who presented awake bruxism

Bruxismo é o ato não funcional de ranger os dentes enquanto se dorme ou apertar os dentes em vigília. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre sinais e sintomas clínicos associados ao bruxismo noturno em crianças. Foi desenvolvido um estudo de base populacional com desenho caso-controle, envolvendo 120 crianças, de 8 anos de idade, com bruxismo e 240 crianças sem bruxismo. A amostra foi selecionada de forma randomizada em escolas públicas e particulares da cidade de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Os grupos caso e controle foram pareados por gênero e classe social. O Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social (IVS) desenvolvido pela prefeitura da cidade de Belo Horizonte foi utilizado para a classificação social. Como instrumentos de coleta foram utilizados: uma ficha clínica e um questionário pré-testados. O diagnóstico de bruxismo noturno foi baseado nos critérios da American Association of Sleep Medicine (AASM). Os testes estatísticos de McNemar, regressão logística binária e multivariada com modelo de regressão foram utilizados para análise dos dados. Foram considerados fatores de risco para o bruxismo noturno: desgaste em caninos decíduos (OR=2,3 IC 95% 1,2-4,3), morder objetos como lápis e canetas (OR=2,0 IC 95% 1,2-3,3) e apertar os dentes em vigília (OR=2,3 IC 95% 1,2-4,3). Crianças que apresentam outras parafunções tais como: morder objetos e apertar os dentes em vigília são mais susceptíveis ao bruxismo noturno.

Bruxism is the non-functional clenching or grinding of the teeth that may occur during sleep or less commonly in daytime. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between clinical signs and symptoms, parafunctions and associated factors of sleep bruxism in children. A population-based case-control study was carried out involving 120 children, 8 years of age, with sleep bruxism and 240 children without sleep bruxism. The sample was randomly selected from public and private schools in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Groups were matched by gender and social class. The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) drawn up by the city of Belo Horizonte was employed for social classification. Data collection instruments included clinical forms and pre-tested questionnaires. The diagnosis of sleep bruxism was supported by the American Association of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria. The McNemar test, binary and multivariate logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis. The risk factors associated with sleep bruxism included: primary canine wear (OR=2.3 IC 95% 1.2-4.3), biting of objects like pencils or pens (OR=2.0 IC 95% 1.2-3.3) and wake-time bruxism (tooth clenching) (OR=2.3 IC 95% 1.2-4.3). Children that present the parafunctions of object biting and wake-time bruxism were more susceptible to sleep bruxism.

A proposta do presente trabalho foi associar a forma de aleitamento com a instalação de hábitos bucais deletérios e conseqüentes maloclusões. Foram examinadas 357 crianças, na faixa etária de 3 a 5 anos, pertencentes a creches e escolas da cidade de Belo Horizonte. Para a obtenção de informações sobre o desenvolvimento das crianças, foram enviados questionários para as mães. Houve um retorno de 289 questionários, sendo avaliadas 289 fichas das crianças participantes. Constatou-se que há associação do aleitamento natural com a não instalação de hábitos bucais viciosos, pois 86,1% das crianças que não apresentaram hábitos deletérios foram aleitadas por, no mínimo, 6 meses. A associação de hábitos bucais com maloclusões foi significante, sendo mais prevalentes as mordidas cruzada posterior e aberta anterior

The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the relationship between infant feeding methods, oral habits, and the occurrence of future malocclusions in children. The study comprised 357 children (aged 3 to 5 years) from different social classes who were clinically examined in their nursery schools. In order to gather information on the children's development, a previously tested questionnaire was sent to their homes to be answered by their mothers. Two hundred and eighty nine questionnaires were returned. Hence, only the corresponding 289 clinical examinations were considered for final analysis. It was observed that breast feeding was associated with the absence of oral habits, since 86.1% of the children breast-fed for a period longer than 6 months did not develop oral habits. Posterior crossbite and anterior open bite were the most prevalent types of malocclusion observed